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The medical term for painful periods is dysmenorrhea. Symptoms of dysmenorrhea begin to appear shortly after the onset of periods and are most apparent one or two years later. They may increase with severity as time passes.
The pain is typically described as a cramping, spasmodic pain, and commences a few hours or immediately before menstruation. It is usually at its most severe on the first or second day of menstruation. The pain is located in the lower abdomen and can radiate to the back, buttocks and upper inner thighs.